Sheikh (pronounced SHAYK or SHEEK; Arabic: شيخ shaykh [ʃajx], commonly [ʃeːx], plural شيوخ shuyūkh [ʃujuːx]) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "Elder"; in a monarchical context it is also translated as "Lord/Master".
It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member in the Gulf Arab states, or a Muslim religious scholar.
It is also used as an honorary title by people claiming to be descended (either patrilineally or matrilineally) from Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali, grandsons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
In some countries it is given as a surname to those of great knowledge in religious affairs, by a prestigious religious leader from a chain of Sufi scholars.
The word sheikh is mentioned in the Quran at 3 places, in verse 72 of Surah Hud, in verse 78 of Surah Yusuf and in verse 23 of Surah Al-Qasas.
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